Location: Cubberley Theatre
Bartók wrote the original Romanian Folk Dances from Hungary in 1915, a suite of six piano pieces based on Romanian tunes from Transylvania. One of his most popular works, it came from a time period when Bartók began to move away from large orchestral pieces and instead focused on collecting and arranging folk music from around Hungary. Using a phonograph, he was able to precisely duplicate tunes as well as modify them. The Romanian Folk Dances from Hungary was one of thousands of folk songs that Bartók collected in this manner.
In 1917, Bartók orchestrated the piece for a small ensemble of both strings and winds. Three years later, Bartók shortened the name to Romanian Folk Dances; Transylvania became part of Romania after Hungary’s borders were redrawn with the end of World War I; hence, Bartók changed the name to avoid others taking offense at the name. Others reorchestrated his piece as well; this arrangement by Arthur Willner is for a string orchestra, and Zoltán Székely arranged it for a violin and piano while also transposing several of the movements to different keys.
The movements in this piece often stray from the more traditional major and minor keys; rather, they use modes, or scales that stem from a parent scale but begin on a different note. For example, a Dorian scale starting on D uses the same notes as a C Major scale but makes the D feel like the home note. Other modes used include the Phrygian dominant scale and the Lydian scale.
The first five movements, translated as Stick Dance, Sash Dance, In One Spot, Dance From Bucsum, and Roman Polka, have a binary structure, or A-B form. The last movement, Fast Dance, is made up of three tunes, and is light and cheerful, ending the piece in an upbeat manner.